Global HR Tour Guide

Northern Europe

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Northern Europe’s definition varies, with some considering it north of the southern Baltic Sea coast around 54°N, while others factor in climate and ecology. Its climate, classified under Köppen categories like Oceanic, Humid Continental, Subarctic, and Tundra, reflects this diversity. Geographically, it encompasses the British Isles, Fennoscandia, Jutland, the Baltic plain, and offshore islands. Greenland may be included politically, although it’s not geographically part of Europe.

The region features mountains, including Iceland’s volcanic islands and Scotland’s western seaboard, alongside plains east of the Baltic Sea. Climate, influenced by the Gulf Stream, varies from maritime in the west to subarctic or Arctic in the north and central areas. Vegetation ranges from tundra in the north to temperate broadleaf forests in the south and west, with boreal forests in the northeast and central regions.